The only way I found to get rid of slaves in your own cities is to move all your units out and let them revolt. The AI will give the city to the barbarians with 12 units (always archers so far in my games). Wait a couple of turns, staying out of range of the stack of 12 archers (unless you can win the battle), and walk back into the undefended city. You lose one population but all the slaves are converted to workers.
I do this when the number of slaves gets unmanageable, like 20 and there's no other way to keep the pollution down, since you can't assign slaves as specialists. Another reason is if I don't want to keep a bunch of "guards" in the city to stop revolts. I probably would not do this with my capital. Also, if a civ has been conquered, it will give the city to a new civ not the barbarians as I found out earlier today. That takes a little more time to get the city back since the AI for civs is not as stupid as the AI for barbarians. I even got a happiness bonus for recapturing the city from the barbarians. I didn't get the bonus in the recent game when it created the new civ though.
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