The price for rush buying is 4 Gold / Shield, and if you try to rush buy something fresh, the price doubles
If you want to rush buy, let's say a knight, you have to pay,
70 Shields * 8 = 560 Gold!
But if you first rush buy a Worker,
10 Shields * 8 Gold = 80 Gold.
Then switch to a Musketeer and rush buy him,
(60 Shields - 10 Shields [from the Worker]) * 4 = 200 Gold.
And then finally switch to the Knight (Not rush buying) you'll have him ready in one turn for 280 Gold! That's a saving on 50%.
Smart people will notice that 10 Shields is missing from the calculations, a Knight cost 70 Shields and I've only paid to rush buy 60 (10 from the Worker and 50 from the Musketeer), this means that the city need to have at least 10 Shields production to finish the Knight in one turn.
This is the whole point! I have to pay double to rush buy a Worker, but by NOT rush buying the last 10 Shields I've saved 40 Gold, which is exactly the price I had to pay extra for the Worker, that is why I can get a saving on 50%
We can take this even further, if your city have 30+ production then you can rush buy a Long Bow man (40 Shields) instead of a Musketeer, this way you'll get the Knight for only 200 Gold
80 Gold [from the Worker] + (40 Shields - 10 Shields [from the Worker]) * 4 = 200 Gold
This technique can save you a lot of money when you rush buy stuff. The only thing you have to do is to look at the production in the city then subtract it from the Shield cost of the Structure/Unit you want to buy and then find an other Structure/Unit that cost the same number of Shields as you got from the subtraction. And the most important thing - The first thing you rush buy should ALWAYS be a Worker!